2N5089 Pinout, Equivalent, Application, Datasheet

The 2N5089 NPN transistor is one of the most popular low-noise, high-gain small-signal transistors designed for audio frequency and instrumentation applications. The 2N5089 pinout follows the Emitter–Base–Collector (E–B–C) configuration in a TO-92 package when viewed from the flat face.
It is highly regarded for its exceptionally high DC current gain, low input noise, and linear amplification, making it ideal for guitar preamps, microphone circuits, and sensitive audio amplifier stages.

The 2N5089 is often chosen by professionals and hobbyists when clean, distortion-free signal amplification is required in low-level analog and high-fidelity systems.

Introduction to 2N5089 NPN Transistor

The 2N5089 transistor is a silicon planar epitaxial NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) developed specifically for low-signal, low-noise amplification.
It is a direct upgrade over general-purpose NPN types, providing ultra-high current gain (up to 1200) and a low noise figure, ensuring that weak input signals are amplified with clarity.

Operating with collector-emitter voltage up to 25V and collector current up to 100mA, the 2N5089 is perfectly suited for audio frequency amplifiers, signal preamplifiers, and low-level switching circuits.
This transistor provides excellent gain stability and thermal performance, making it reliable in precision instrumentation and audio designs.

2N5089 NPN Transistor

Pinout of 2N5089

Understanding the 2N5089 Pinout Configuration

When facing the flat side of the 2N5089 transistor, the pins are arranged as Emitter – Base – Collector (E–B–C) from left to right.
This pin configuration is standard for TO-92 package transistors, allowing simple substitution or prototyping with compatible NPN devices.

Pin Configuration of 2N5089 Pinout

Key Features of 2N5089 Transistor

• Ultra-high DC gain for superior signal amplification
• Very low noise figure, ideal for sensitive audio inputs
• Excellent linear response with minimal distortion
• Stable performance across temperature variations
• Compact TO-92 plastic package for easy PCB mounting
• Suitable for preamplifier, driver, and feedback circuits
• Fast switching with high transition frequency

2N5089 Transistor Datasheet and Specifications

• Collector–Emitter Voltage (Vce): 25V
• Collector–Base Voltage (Vcb): 30V
• Emitter–Base Voltage (Veb): 5V
• Collector Current (Ic): 100mA
• Power Dissipation (Pc): 625mW
• DC Current Gain (hFE): 400 – 1200
• Transition Frequency (fT): 100MHz (typical)
• Package Type: TO-92
• Polarity: NPN
• Pin Configuration: Emitter–Base–Collector (E–B–C)

Working Principle of 2N5089 NPN Transistor

The 2N5089 operates as a current-controlled device, where a small base current controls a larger collector current.
When the base-emitter junction is forward biased (around 0.7V), the transistor allows current to flow from collector to emitter, enabling amplification or switching.

Its high DC current gain ensures that even a weak signal at the base produces a strong amplified output, making it perfect for microphone preamplifiers, sensor amplifiers, and audio driver circuits.
Due to its low noise design, the 2N5089 maintains excellent signal clarity in high-sensitivity applications.

More Circuit Layouts

Typical Applications of 2N5089

• Audio preamplifiers and microphone circuits
• Low-noise guitar and instrument amplifiers
• Tone control and EQ stages
• Signal conditioning amplifiers
• Low-level sensor interfaces
• Precision measurement equipment
• Small-signal amplification and analog switching

Equivalent Transistors and Alternatives

• 2N5088 – Similar low-noise NPN transistor with slightly lower gain
• MPSA18 – Ultra-high gain alternative for sensitive amplifier stages
• BC550C – High-gain low-noise transistor for general purpose audio use
• 2SC2240 – Audio-grade Japanese equivalent used in hi-fi amplifiers
• 2N3904 – General-purpose NPN with moderate gain for switching

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the maximum collector current of 2N5089?

The maximum collector current is 100mA, suitable for low-power amplification.

What is the typical gain range of 2N5089?

The DC current gain (hFE) ranges from 400 to 1200, ideal for low-noise and high-sensitivity applications.

What is the 2N5089 pin configuration?

The 2N5089 pinout is Emitter – Base – Collector (E–B–C) from left to right when viewed from the flat side.

What is the power dissipation of 2N5089?

It can safely dissipate up to 625mW, allowing stable operation in amplifier circuits.

What is the main use of 2N5089?

It is used in audio preamps, instrument amplifiers, and low-level analog circuits for high gain and low noise amplification.

Conclusion

The 2N5089 NPN transistor stands out as one of the best low-noise small-signal transistors available for audio and precision analog circuits.
With its 25V collector-emitter voltage, 100mA collector current, and gain up to 1200, it ensures superior sound clarity, low distortion, and stable performance.

Compact, efficient, and reliable, the 2N5089 remains a top choice for professional audio preamplifiers, guitar pedals, and high-fidelity amplifier stages demanding clean and accurate signal amplification.

Datasheet & Pinout of 2N5089 NPN Transistor

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