Battery Over Current Protector Circuit Diagram

Introduction

Battery-operated devices have become an essential part of our daily lives. However, there are instances when batteries can be overcharged, over-discharged, or subjected to over current, leading to potential hazards or damaging the equipment. This is where a battery over current protector circuit comes in handy to prevent such incidents.

This circuit is for 12v and 3A and you can use it with power supply or other device to limit the current. I used very common components to make this project.

In this article, we will discuss a battery over current protector circuit using 555 TIMER IC and BC547 transistors, which is an efficient way to protect a device from such damages.

Battery Over Current Protector Thumbnail — **Battery** Over Current Protector Thumbnail

Circuit Diagram

of Battery Over Current Protector Circuit

This circuit can be built using a few basic components. The circuit diagram of this project is shown below.

**Battery Over Current Protector Circuit Diagram**

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Components List

of Battery Over Current Protector

1X 555 TIMER IC
2X BC547 TRANSISTORS
1X 10 K VARIABLE RESISTORS
2X 1N4007 DIODES
1X 12V RELAY
1X 100uF CAPACITOR
2X 1K RESISTORS
2X 2.2K RESISTORS
3X 10K RESISTORS
1X RED LED
1X GREEN LED
1X MICRO PUSH BUTTON
1X 0.47 OHM 5W RESISTOR
2X 2 PIN TERMINAL BLOCKS
VERO BOARD
JUMPER WIRES

Working Explanation of Battery Over Current Protector Circuit

The circuit’s primary objective is to detect when the battery is subjected to over-current and shut off the current flow instantly. The circuit uses a 555 TIMER IC to detect the battery’s voltage, and when the voltage crosses a threshold value, the 555 TIMER IC sends an activating signal to the BC547 transistors. These transistors cut off the current flow to the device, protecting it from damage.

The 555 TIMER IC uses a simple voltage divider circuit to monitor the battery’s voltage, and when it reaches a preset threshold value, the output voltage of the 555 TIMER IC rises, which triggers the BC547 transistors. The BC547 transistors have been used because of their high collector current rating, making them specifically designed for high current switching applications.

The circuit uses a few passive components, including resistors and capacitors, along with a voltage regulator to provide a steady voltage to the 555 TIMER IC and protect it from the battery’s voltage fluctuations. The capacitor is used to provide a stable power supply to the 555 TIMER IC by maintaining the voltage across it at a constant level.

Conclusion Battery Over Current Protector Circuit

The battery over current protector circuit using 555 TIMER IC and BC547 transistors is an essential circuit to protect your battery-operated devices from potential hazards. It is easy to build and requires a few passive components along with the specific transistors. The circuit can be used in many applications, including power banks, battery chargers, and battery-powered devices. The circuit’s primary objective is to detect when the battery is subjected to over-current and shut off the current flow instantly. By using this circuit, you can ensure that your battery-operated devices are safe from any over-current, over-charging, or over-discharging incidents, prolonging their lives and ensuring their efficient performance.